Wednesday, June 10, 2020

Always Something Interesting


Yes indeed, there’s always something interesting to see in the great outdoors.

On a mostly cloudy morning I went for a walk in a nearby woodland. It was a slow, lazy walk that afforded an opportunity to look around. This was a woodland inhabited by deer, bear, wild turkey, bobcat, fisher, eastern coyote, and a host of songbirds – hopefully there would be one or more of them available for an intrepid photographer.

Other than a few tree-top songbirds, only one of those photogenic creatures was ever in view. But there are always interesting things to see: First was an abundance of wild geraniums growing along the old road on which I walked. Wild geranium flowers are often an interesting reddish-blue, not really purple, that most digital cameras have difficulty capturing.



Further along was a small adventitious sprout on the trunk of a tulip-poplar. All broadleaved trees have, beneath their bark, adventitious buds that usually remain dormant but often become active when a tree is under stress. I thought the two little leaves on this sprout were photogenic –



In a sunny spot a number of small butterflies were flying and repeatedly landing on a sun-heated log to warm their flight muscles. They were all of the same species, one of a large group of generally drab, difficult to identify, butterflies called skippers –



This woodland has several groves of hickory trees whose nuts attract squirrels, black bears and wild turkeys in fall, but this was late spring, not fall, so none of those were present. But, the leaves of a small shagbark hickory were inhabited by the larvae of a gall midge (a type of fly), each larva produced a small round gall on the leaves –



The old road on which I was walking also passes through a stand of eastern hemlock, many of which have died in the last few years. One of the fallen hemlocks was being broken down by the fungus usually called varnish conk for its shiny appearance. What would the world be like without the decomposers?



On that conk was a beetle, one of a small group known as pleasing fungus beetles, all of which are brightly colored in orange and black and feed on a variety of fungi, especially mushrooms.



There are several small grassy openings in this woodland. As I walked past one of those, about 200 feet away a white-tail doe was feeding. She was remarkably calm, seeming to pay no attention to a human from which she would have fled mere weeks ago. Her apparent calm may well have been a bluff – this was birthing time for white tailed deer and the does like to hide their new-born fawns in grassy fields. It was better to enjoy the sight of the doe and not search for the fawn –



Beneath a clump of small beech trees was a group of squawroot in bloom. Squawroot is a flowering plant that lacks chlorophyll and so cannot produce its own sugars, instead it’s a parasite on oak and beech trees. Black bears frequently eat squawroot flowers, so the plant is sometimes called bear corn or bear cones. Most of the plant is underground, the flowering stalks appear above ground in late spring when the plant blooms –




Something dangling from a branch over the old road caught my eye. It was out of reach but my alpenstock easily caught the silken thread which held it in mid-air and brought it within reach. What was it? Lo and behold, it was a pair of jumping spiders –



One of the many small blue butterflies that frequent spring woodlands is the eastern tailed blue. And tailed it is, not like the gaudy tiger swallowtail that also frequents spring woodlands, but with smaller discrete tails on its smaller, less conspicuous self –



And thus endith a morning walk in the woods – see, there’s always something interesting.

Wednesday, June 3, 2020

Ruins


Forests contain many interesting features: botanical, zoological, geological and historical. It was a day in early spring on a gentle hillside deep in the forest when I visited a site that I’d been to several times over the years. This site was of historical interest, an old farmstead that shows as the home of J. Bowers on an 1873 map of the area.

J. Bowers had a farm with acres of cleared fields bordered by stone walls and stonerows. His corner of the world shows up well on Lidar images of the area –




The features are labeled in this copy so you can more easily interpret the image




For those of you who may not be familiar with Lidar here’s a brief explanation from NOAA –

Lidar, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth. These light pulses—combined with other data recorded by the airborne system— generate precise, three-dimensional information about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics.

Lidar can “see” through foliage to show the surface below: in this case the roads, stone walls, old cellar holes, stream channels, and hummocks in the forests and old fields.

Walking one of the old roads to the remains of J. Bowers’ homestead I passed between the stonerows that formed the boundary between the road and the adjacent fields –



Closer to the farmstead the road is bordered by stone walls of an interesting design that I’ve only seen within a few miles of this site – the walls are wide at the base and taper to a quite narrow top with the top course of stone distinctly sloping toward the center of the wall –



The homestead itself is a rather elaborate and interesting spot; there’s a large garden wall which, on the sloping site, created a level area around the house  –



Above the wall we find the cellar hole of the house itself –



With the remains of the stairway that led to the cellar –



Connecting to the house foundation are several low walls that appear to be foundations for portions of the house, or perhaps porches –



Within a few feet is a dug well –



The homestead was a fair distance from a stream and there are no nearby springs so a dug well was the only way to obtain water. A fist-sized rock dropped into the well takes about two seconds to hit bottom meaning the well is approximately 65 feet deep.

Hand digging a well was an extremely hazardous undertaking; between cave-ins and the build-up of toxic gasses many people died while digging a well. John Muir (of Yosemite fame) was 17 years old when his father put him to work hand digging a well. He was down 80 feet when toxic gas, perhaps carbon dioxide from his own breathing, almost killed him before he was rescued.

Not far from the house foundation and its well is the foundation of the barn –



With the foundation of what appears to be a connected square silo –



Since livestock also needs water, the barn had its own dug well –



The prodigious quantities of stone that had to be moved and stacked to build the foundations, line the dug wells and construct the field walls is truly amazing. As is the amount of stone extracted from the fields and piled in stonerows –




Now, 100 years after the farm family moved away the fields have reverted to forest.